glossary

A group of assets which have similar financial characteristics and behave similarly in the marketplace.

The currency used for the transaction.

Characterised by greater market access and less potential for operational risks when compared to frontier markets, which leads to a larger base of potentially eligible investors.

Typically characterised by a higher degree of potential risk, including issues that may inhibit the flow of assets across national borders and awareness of potential difficulties for foreigners to establish accounts.

A statistical measure used to track the aggregate performance of an asset.

The price/earnings ratio (often shortened to the P/E ratio or the PER) is the ratio of a company's stock price to the company's earnings per share. The ratio is used in valuing companies.

A financial ratio that shows how much a company pays out in dividends each year relative to its share price.

An index is created by applying a certain set of selection and weighting rules at a certain frequency. HANetf rebalances, or re-applies its based selection and weighting process on a periodicity specified in the index rules.

The goal of each ETF is to replicate its index as closely and cost-effectively as possible. The classic method is physical replication; if the ETF directly holds the all securities of the index, this is also known as full replication.

Measures the risk-adjusted return. Higher values indicate greater return per unit of risk.

The total expense ratio expresses the costs necessary to run a fund as a percentage.

Volatility is determined by the price movement (rise or fall) of a security. Securities that experience sharp increases or declines within a short time frame are considered more volatile than those that don’t.